Check Out Perks on Destiny 2 Wiki
Class Perks - Perks for each subclasses. Abilities also have perks that give them unique features.
Armor Perks - Perks for Armor. Rarer armor have more perks. Players can unlock these perks by earning exp with the armor then unlock them by spending glimmer.
Weapon Perks - Perks for weapons. Rarer weapons have more perks. Players can unlock these perks by earning exp with the weapon then unlock them by spending glimmer.
Weapon Sights - Sights are perks that directly affect the stats of the weapon and gives it different looks and feel. Each weapon will usually have 3 sights for the player to choose from.
Weapon Barrels - Barrels are perks that directly affect the stats of the weapon and gives it different looks and feel. Each weapon will usually have 3 sights for the player to choose from.